A chemical mosaic
Spotted Lake is a saline endorheic alkali lake, a landlocked body of water with no outflow. Water, primarily from underground springs and snowmelt, only exits through evaporation. During the hot, dry summers of the Okanagan Valley, this evaporation process concentrates a dense collection of minerals. The lake contains high levels of magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts), calcium, and sodium sulphates. It also has smaller but significant amounts of eight other minerals, including silver and titanium.
As the water level drops, these concentrated minerals crystallize, forming hundreds of distinct pools. The hardened mineral deposits create natural walkways between the circles. The color of each pool—ranging from green and blue to yellow—is determined by its specific mineral composition. Magnesium sulfate, in particular, is a primary contributor to the spots' coloration as it crystallizes. The lake itself is small, measuring approximately 0.7 kilometers in length and 0.25 kilometers in width.