An insectivore by design
The Sri Lankan sloth bear (Melursus ursinus inornatus) specializes in myrmecophagy—the consumption of ants and termites. Unlike most other bears that are generalist omnivores, the sloth bear has a suite of specific physical adaptations for an insect-based diet. Its long, sickle-shaped front claws, which can be 6–8 cm long, are not for fighting; they are for ripping into rock-hard termite mounds. Once a mound is breached, the bear employs a unique and noisy feeding technique. It blows away dirt and debris, then uses its specialized mouth as a powerful vacuum.
This vacuum-like suction is made possible by several anatomical features. Sloth bears lack the two upper middle incisors, creating a perfect gap for sucking up insects. They also have a long snout, a hollowed-out bony palate, and mobile, protrusible lips that form a nozzle. To avoid inhaling dust while feeding, the bear can voluntarily close its nostrils. The loud slurping and sucking sounds made during this process can be heard from a great distance. This insect-focused diet is so effective that termites and ants can make up over 90% of their food intake, particularly during seasons when fruit is scarce.