A subterranean necropolis
Discovered by accident in 1902 when construction workers broke through its roof, the Hypogeum of Ħal-Saflieni is a Neolithic subterranean structure excavated between 4000 and 2500 BCE. Carved directly from soft globigerina limestone, this complex of halls and chambers spans three distinct levels and covers an area of about 500 square meters. It is a prehistoric sanctuary and necropolis where the remains of an estimated 7,000 individuals were interred.
The builders used crude tools of flint, chert, and obsidian to create the labyrinthine structure. The top level, the oldest part, likely began as a natural cave that was progressively enlarged. The middle level contains the most architecturally sophisticated chambers. Rooms like the "Main Chamber" and the "Holy of Holies" have corbelled ceilings and trilithon doorways that mimic the design of Malta's above-ground megalithic temples. The deepest level reaches 10.6 meters below the modern street, a maze of chambers likely used for final burial. Many surfaces throughout the complex are decorated with patterns of spirals, spots and honeycombs painted in red ochre, the only known prehistoric paintings on the Maltese Islands.